Reforming+America+-+F

**What we WOULD HAVE DONE**  1. Before our lecture, we would have asked the class to read excerpts from the First Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening. Possibly read about it in the book as well 2. The bellwork would be about Comparing and Contrasting the two Great Awakenings. 3. Then, Dongju and I would go over the Powerpoint about the Great Awakening and short blurbs about each section. 4. We would then handout our notes to everyone and help them follow along as we do a short lecture 5. Our lecture was SUPPOSED to have videos recorded by us to explain the changes in a more humorous way but we were unable to do that for obvious reasons. (We were supposed to meet afterschool on tuesday) 6. For a review game, we planned out a Jeopardy Game : you should really check it out!

Mr. Wood: We were supposed to have shorter notes on the wikispace so that we can lecture. Since Dongju and I are both sick and can't really record our voices, we took more time elaborating on the wiki. Thank you!

Objectives  1. Show the change (before second great awakening vs. after). 2. Explain the significance of these changes/reforms. 3. Explain what the purpose of these changes was.

Homework  Fellow students : Please read the following document. You may skim over the entire document but be sure to read the bolded parts. Compare this to your knowledge of the First Great Awakening. Start thinking about the differences and similarities.

**Compare and Contrast the First and Second Great Awakening. How are they different? How are they similar?**  
 * Bellwork **

 

=**The Great Awakening PPT  ** = = = = = **Temperance** <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> : <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Was seen as a sign of loose morals, because drinking spawned crime, vice, and disorder. A lot of //‘temperance propaganda’// warned viewers that what started out as ‘a drink with a friend’ would eventually become <span style="color: #10844b; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">‘poverty, despair, and death’ <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. With the creation of the **American Temperance Society** (1826) and other moral reform societies, consumption of hard liquor decreased by 50%. __Temperance became a new sign of respectability.__ <span style="color: #ff1f1f; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Reform= very successful <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #7dff3d; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 260%; text-align: center;">The Reforms= "The War on Sin" **[[image:http://www.librarycompany.org/ArdentSpirits/Temperance-ManPursued.JPG width="183" height="273" align="right"]]

<span style="color: #0029bd; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Dueling :** was thought to be an indication of **‘loose morals’.** Was highly discouraged and became to be seen as a sign on ‘ungentlemanly’ conduct. <span style="color: #ff1f1f; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Reform= very successful <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">

<span style="color: #ff0505; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Reforms= somewhat successful. Although gambling was seen as a vice, people still continued it. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #0029bd; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Prostitution :** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Prostitution was //seen as a sin by both men and women.// However, they considered the issue from 2 completely different points of view. <span style="color: #0586e6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women saw prostitution as an unfortunate sin- innocent girls being snared in by corrupt men who offered them money and freedom social propriety. <span style="color: #4a05eb; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Men thought the blame lay in the prostitutes themselves, who were ‘transferring their sins’ onto the ‘innocent young men’ who visited them <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">. As a result of an overzealous clergyman’s report that there were 10,000 only in the city of New York, an asylum was established for the redemption of ‘abandoned women’. Women however, suggested that the names of men seen entering brothels be published- a plan that was abandoned because it offended those who thought ‘virtue would be better served by suppressing public discussion or instigation of sexual vices’. <span style="color: #ff0505; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reform= somewhat successful. The stigma on prostitutes and those who frequented brothels significantly increased, however the reforms did not completely eradicate this particular ‘sin’.
 * n**[[image:http://your-quiz.com/gambling/images/gambling-devil.gif width="208" height="251" align="left"]] <span style="color: #0029bd; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Gambling:** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Gambling also came to be viewed as a sign of moral corruption. Ministers at camp meetings often told stories of gamblers who had been ‘carousing on the outskirts of meetings’ and been struck down by god. According to **Peter Cartwright**, a methodist preacher, one was “seized by the jerks- a set of involuntary bodily movements often observed at camp meetings”.


 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #973dff; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 260%; text-align: center;">Changes in Family Dynamics **

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Although the __<span style="color: #0500f5; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">new ideal marriage was one based on mutual affection, did not mean that women and men were equal. __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Men still had all legal rights, making it impossible for women to control their own fortunes/take custody of their children.
 * <span style="color: #5400d1; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">BEFORE || <span style="color: #5400d1; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">AFTER || <span style="color: #5400d1; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">Explanations ||
 * * wife was completely subservient to her husband
 * women would not contradict/challenge their husbands. were highly deferential.
 * husbands assumed a more patriarchal role. often called their wives “my dear child” (condescending, much?) || * marriages were based on mutual affection
 * the use of pet-names became popularized (darling, honey, etc..)
 * spouses assumed a more ‘equal’ role in the marriage (though the husband still held all legal rights)
 * spouses were more open to admitting affection for each other. || * moral reforms led to the belief that a marriage needed to have ‘love’ to be successful
 * led to a new ‘ideal’ marriage
 * Less focus on protecting family property and attaining wealth
 * weakening of traditional parental role:
 * younger sisters would marry before their older sisters
 * sons would marry before their father died
 * everything stopped focusing simply on wealth and social rank.
 * marriages based on the heart ||

Also meant that the ‘**double standard’** was strengthened. __Women were expected to be in love with their husbands in addition to being completely docile and servile__. With men this was not always the case (ex: husband who sent his wife a letter about flirting with pretty women, etc..) It was also much easier for men to get a divorce on the grounds of infidelity than it was for women.

<span style="color: #d10000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**BUT** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">: <span style="color: #05bd15; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The idea of mutual reality clashed with the reality of highly differing gender roles. Husbands were required to be away from home for long periods to become “self made men”, while women had to stay home to tend to the house and home.



<span style="color: #001eeb; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Cult of Domesticity** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">: **the view that women had a special role to play in the domestic sphere as gurdians of virtue and spiritual heads of the home.** Also called the “Cult of True Womanhood” : division between middle class men and woman
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #3da1ff; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 280%; text-align: center;">The Cult of Domesticity **

The cult of domesticity **<span style="color: #ff7805; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">shifted **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> greatly <span style="color: #1a57ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">due to the new arousing emphasis on industry and economic welfare <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. New workplaces such as factories were established, causing the role of women and men to change around the 1800s. A new conception of gender roles justified the following changes.

An idea of **<span style="color: #0400eb; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> “separate spheres” **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">: **men and women separated from each other playing entirely different roles in the society**

<span style="color: #00ad47; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">//**Women were seen as virtues of love, self-sacrifice, religion, moral values**//. <span style="color: #e60000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">But, remember, the idea of “true womanhood” only influenced the lives of richer women. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Negros did not have husbands making it harder for them to support themselves
 * <span style="color: #f50b00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">important **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> : the separation **did not** mean women were **inferior**. Women in their domestic field were often seen as superior to men.

Important Figure: **<span style="color: #7b03e2; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Catharine Beecher **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> //Beecher tried to make schoolteaching a women’s occupation. Tried to engrave the idea that women were only able to teach the essential values to young males to help America from corruption and materialism//


 * <span style="color: #fc2293; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">BECAUSE men were away to work : women were able to take over the home and the role of rearing their children. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">


 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ff913d; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 280%; text-align: center;">The Changing Perspective of Childhood **


 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mr. Wood, we were supposed to make a video on Tuesday comparing "before and after" in a more humorous way but for obvious reasons we were unable to do that. **

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Whereas education had previously been the domain of mother, in the home, this changed after the Second Great Awakening. **Mothers and governesses were no longer seen as qualified enough to give their children the proper education (academic AND moral) needed to become ‘good republican citizens’.** After a certain age, it was believed that children needed ‘formal training’ in an institution that would prepare them for the burden of republican citizenship. However, education in this new public school system was less inclined to stress intellectual training, and focused more on “ <span style="color: #1000bd; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">moral indoctrination” <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">.
 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #fa70c4; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 280%; text-align: center;">The Changes in Education **

__**<span style="color: #db5100; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Public Education **__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">was financed by the government. These schools often had less resources and lower quality of education than private schools. There was also a much higher student:teacher ratio.

__**<span style="color: #db5100; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Public schools **__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> were stronger in the north where there was already a basis of ‘public education’. It was weakest in the south, where almost all education was private.

**<span style="color: #008a08; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Education was especially valued by americans because it was a opportunity for increased social mobility **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. It was not uncommon for younger generations to be more ‘educated’ than their parents. This is why the middle class pushed for the establishment of a **‘State board of education’** - //they viewed the segregation between public and private schools as being another contributing factor in the gap between the rich and the poor.//

<span style="color: #f50000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**However** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> there was also a **disadvantage** to enforcing so much public education. Poorer families, whose survival depended on small wages, were <span style="color: #1801e4; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**disadvantaged** by laws declaring it mandatory for all young children to be educated <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. In addition, they were often <span style="color: #0001e0; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**unable** to pay the fees for school, <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">resulting in an overall unhappy community. Further dissatisfaction arose over the overly evangelical tone of ‘moral education’ that took place. <span style="color: #6401ef; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">
 * Horace Mann** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> (founder of the state board of education) and his followers were consciously making an effort to impose a uniform culture on those who went through the public school system


 * <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #d9eb00; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 280%; text-align: center;">Public Services ** [[image:Picture_7.png]]

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">These public services, however, did very little to cure people. The rigid procedures and rules, that were to help with self-discipline instead implanted a worsened "impression upon the mind". Moreover, **because of the lack of support, these institutions tried to deal with issues physically.** **<span style="color: #129400; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The idea of "__moral transformation__" failed, leaving criminals and insane people at a even more destitute state. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">


 * <span style="color: #820fff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Dorthea Dix **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> : a woman who devoted her life to help publicize treatment. She was able to get fifteen states to open hospitals for the insane and other hospitals to improve their facilities and procedures. She is one of the mot important and practical reformers of the pre-Civil War era.





temperance http://www.librarycompany.org/ArdentSpirits/Temperance-ManPursued.JPG **<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 70%;"> http://www.the-trades.com/pictures/H/HarryPotter5Still.jpg gambling http://your-quiz.com/gambling/images/gambling-devil.gif prostitution http://www.honors.ucf.edu/DynamicContent/Images/StudentAffairs/Film%20Series%20Move%20Poster%20images/Pretty_woman.jpg before http://giam.typepad.com/100_years_of_illustration/images/darling5.jpg after http://dicktersbedpan.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/care-bears.jpg**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 70%;">picture credits:
 * duel