April+9th+-+The+Antebellum+Era

Like all previous pages in this section, the content from this page comes from a variety of sources, to whom, I am greatly indebted. Having said that, here is the content that many of the previous exams have covered in the MULTIPLE CHOICE portion of the test:

Jacksonian Era __**Politics**__ Basic philosophy - increasing power of the common man Newspapers led to a rise in political participation Alex de Tocqueville Whigs American System Nullification Crisis Tariff of Abomination (1828) Indian Removal Act Hudson River School

__**Economics**__ Growth of Agriculture Erie Canal (led to growth of railroads) Goals and elements of the American System National Bank debate Primary sources of revenue: land sales and tariffs

__**Western Expansion**__ Annexation of Texas (opposed by Jackson) Indian Policy Worcester v. Georgia

The Reform Era __**Abolition**__ Who owned slaves (majority of southerners did not own them!) American Colonization Society American Anti-Slavery Society Why slave numbers increased (natural birth rate - primary cause) William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator How slavery was justified in the South Northern views (most accepted it, but were opposed to expansion)

__**The Women's Movement**__ Cult of Domesticity Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Seneca Falls Convention Temperance Movement Women's movement typically linked to other reform movements Dorthea Dix

__**Religious Reform**__ Brook Farm Oneida Community Robert Owen (create a cooperative society) Perfectionism "Burned-over district" Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism

__**Education**__ Advances due to efforts at state and local levels Reform Goals: Compulsory education laws, financing through taxes, teacher training schools, standardized school year length Horace Mann Belief that they should be allowed to avoid adult responsibilities as long as possible

For the **FRQ/DBQ** portion of the exam, here are the previous questions that I came across:

__**DBQ**__ 1. “The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790s than a change in that policy.” Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to the moral, political, constitutional, and practical concerns that shaped national Indian policy between 1789 and the mid-1830s.

2. Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with Jacksonians' view of themselves?

3. "Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals." Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825-1850. Use the following documents and your knowledge of the period from 1825-1850 in constructing your response.

__**FRQ**__ 1. "Although Americans perceived Manifest Destiny as a benevolent movement, it was in fact an example of aggressive imperialism pursued at the expense of others." Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to American expansionism in the 1840s.

2. In what ways did the early nineteenth-century reform movements for abolition and women's rights illustrate both the strengths and the weaknesses of democracy in the early American republic?

3. Analyze the ways in which supporters of slavery in the nineteenth century used legal, religious, and economic arguments to defend the institution of slavery.

4. Analyze the extent to which TWO of the following influenced the development of democracy between 1820 and 1840: (1) Jacksonian economic policy, (2) changes in electoral politics, (3) the Second Great Awakening, and (4) westward movement.

5. Discuss the impact of territorial expansion on national unity between 1800 and 1850.

6. How did TWO of the following contribute to the reemergence of a two party system in the period between 1820 and 1840?: (1) major political personalities, (2) states' rights, and (3) economic issues.

7. Assess the moral arguments and political actions of those opposed to the spread of slavery in the context of TWO of the following: (1) Missouri Compromise, (2) Mexican War, (3), Compromise of 1850 and (4) Kansas-Nebraska Act.

8. "Although historically represented as distinct parties, the Federalists and the Whigs in fact shared a common political ideology, represented many of the same interest groups, and proposed similar programs and policies." Assess the validity of the statement.

9. With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jefferson Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison?

10. The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been celebrated as the era of the "common man." To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? Consider TWO of the following in your response: (1) economic development, (2) politics, and (3) reform movements.

11. In what ways did developments in transportation bring about economic and social change in the United States in the period 1820 to 1860?

__**AP Topics**__ The transportation revolution and creation of a national market economy Beginnings of industrialization and changes in social and class structures Immigration and nativist reaction Planters, yeoman farmers, and slaves in the cotton South
 * Transformation of the Economy and Society in Antebellum America**

Emergence of the second party system Federal authority and its opponents: judicial federalism, the Bank War, tariff controversy, and states' rights debates Jacksonian democracy and its successes and limitations
 * The Transformation of Politics in Antebellum America**

Evangelical Protestant revivalism Social reforms Ideals of domesticity Transcendentalism and utopian communities American Renaissance: literary and artistic expression
 * Religion, Reform, and Renaissance in Antebellum America**

__**One final list of terms and names not already included on this list**__ James Monroe Convention of 1818 McCulloch v. Maryland Dartmouth College v. Woodward Adams-Onis Treaty Lowell System Slave Codes Washington Irving Transcendentalism Romanticism Missouri Compromise Denmark Vesey Gibbons v. Ogden James Fenimore Cooper John James Audubon "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824 John Quincy Adams John Calhoun Spoils System Mormonism Webster-Hayne Debate Nat Turner Biddle's Bank Battle of the Alamo Sam Houston Gag Rule Panic of 1837 Specie Circular Trail of Tears Whig Party Ralph Waldo Emerson Frederick Douglass Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison John Tyler Webster-Ashburton Treaty Irish and German Immigration Manifest Destiny Yeoman, Planters, Poor Whites, and Slaves in the South Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman James K. Polk Edgar Allan Poe

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