Oct.+8th+-+The+Rise+of+Big+Business


 * Guiding Questions**
 * **Evaluate the business tactics and philanthropic efforts of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.**
 * Vertical/Horizontal Integration, eliminating competition, etc
 * Gospel of Wealth, etc


 * **Even though the Sherman Antitrust Act (1891) was largely ineffective, why was such an act passed? (Be specific) Was this a good idea or not? Why? (This act is mentioned in 15-3, p. 481-482)**


 * **What are the implications of (a) Social Darwinism and (b) the idea (supported by people such as Horatio Alger) of “pulling yourself up by your own bootstraps?” Critique the validity of each and compare the differences of the two ideas.**


 * Ch. 15-2 Key Terms**/**People**
 * **Capitalism/Free Enterprise v. Communism**
 * Freedom v. Equality
 * **Social Darwinism**
 * Herbert Spencer
 * Society, not just biology
 * Misguided or not?
 * Does the major thesis behind //Guns, Germs, and Steel// support social Darwinism? Why or why not?
 * “Like many social Darwinists, Carnegie believed that giving aid directly to the poor would increase the poor’s dependency on others.”
 * **Carnegie/Rockefeller/Vanderbilt/Pullman**
 * What did each person do?
 * Monopoly -- How related to free market? Government? Why break them up? Are they always 100% of market?
 * Vertical/Horizontal Integration -- What are they? Carnegie & Rockefeller are best associated with which one?
 * [|Andrew Carnegie, Philanthropist] - One example of philanthropy
 * Good info, but also consider the source
 * Horatio Alger Jr. - "Rags to riches" novels
 * "Pull yourself up by your own bootstraps" -- What is the idea? What are the pros & cons of that philosophy?
 * Mobility between social classes, part of the American dream
 * [|Examples of Real-Life 'Rags to Riches' Stories]
 * Look @ the pics below
 * James Joyce in //Ulysses// (1922): "There were others who had forced their way to the top from the lowest rung by the aid of their bootstraps."
 * **Mass Marketing -** Major changes @ turn of century
 * Brand names/packaging, mail order
 * Department stores/chain stores